Rolls-Royce Archives
| Identifier | Entry | ||
| img001 | Letter to the Cadillac Motor Car Company detailing the specifications and use of a bumper test rig. | ||
| View original record | oy Exptl. Dept. Hs/Les.2/KW. 8th January, 1936. M. Olley, Esq., The Cadillac Motor Car Company, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. Dear Oy. Grylls tells me you would like a little information re Bumper Test… | ||
| img002 | The life and failure rates of chassis components like road springs, shock dampers, axles, and cams during testing. | ||
| View original record | -2- The life of certain road springs which are only just adequate for road conditions is approximately 50 hours. This is rather too close to the danger limit to be happy. Shock damper ball pin loads… | ||
| img003 | Letter discussing bump-rig testing, shock absorber boiling, and the pre-settling of torsion rods. | ||
| View original record | H/R.M. COPY. GRY Mr B.I.Day., Rolls-Royce Ltd., DERBY. ENGLAND. Jan. 25th 1936. Dear Da, (1) First, thank you and Grylls very much indeed for the picture-light for our rug which we opened and set up… | ||
| img004 | Stress-strain diagrams, the effects of cold working, and torque analysis in shafts. | ||
| View original record | (Sheet 2) On the other hand if cold-working had no effect one would expect that since the first settling was 3.8 degrees, the second would be 7.6 degrees. So apparently both effects are present. (5)… | ||
| img005 | Analysis of stress, force, and torque diagrams for a shaft operating beyond its elastic limit. | ||
| View original record | (Sheet 3) Beyond the elastic limit we have to assume:- a stress diagram like "A", corresponding to a force diagram like "B" and a torque diagram like "C". When the shaft is released it goes back… | ||
| img006 | Mathematical analysis and calculations for torsional stress in a rod. | ||
| View original record | (Sheet 4) T = ∫₀ʳ¹ f m r₁ x 2πrδr x r plus ∫ᵣ₁ʳ² f m x 2πrδr x r = f m x π/2 x r₁³ + f.m. x 2π/3 { r₂³ - r₁³ } T = f m { 2π/3 r₂³ - π/6 r₁³ } Where r₁ = (f m / f o) r₂ And f o = (G r₂ θ) / l l being… | ||
| img007 | Conclusions on the elastic limits and stresses of high-grade spring steel and coil springs, with relevant formulas. | ||
| View original record | (Sheet 5) Figuring in the old way we should say that we had raised the elastic limit from 100,000 to 130,000, whereas actually we have done nothing of the sort. (9) Conclusions. (a) Probably the true… | ||
| img008 | Sketched graph showing the probable effect of cold working on a shaft, plotting torque against wind-up angle. | ||
| View original record | PROBABLE EFFECT OF COLD WORKING CHART IS ONLY SKETCHED Y-AXIS LABEL: TORQUE LBS/INS Y-AXIS VALUES: 28000, 24000, 20000, 16000, 12000, 8000, 4000 X-AXIS LABEL: WIND UP ANGLE . RADIANS X-AXIS VALUES: 0,… | ||
| img009 | Letter to M. Olley at Cadillac requesting information on American cast-iron casting techniques and Chevrolet cylinder head weights. | ||
| View original record | By Exptl. Dept. Hs/Rm.1/KW. 30th January, 1936. M. Olley Esq., The Cadillac Motor Car Co., Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. Dear Oy., We believe that the Americans are much better at making cast-iron… | ||
| img010 | Night letter cablegram to Cadillac Motors regarding the use of water to cool shock absorbers on a bumper rig. | ||
| View original record | 6.2.36. NIGHT LETTER CABLEGRAM. OLLEY, CADILLAC MOTORS, DETROIT, MICHIGAN, U.S.A. USE WATER TO COOL SHOCK ABSORBERS ON BUMPER RIG. LESLIE, ROYCAR. | ||
| img011 | Letter from Cadillac discussing steering difficulties and wobble characteristics in various suspension types. | ||
| View original record | Og File CADILLAC MOTOR CAR COMPANY DETROIT, MICHIGAN CADILLAC AND LASALLE MOTOR CARS February 26, 1936. W. A. Robotham, Esq., Rolls-Royce, Limited, Derby, England. Dear Rm: When Day and Grylls were… | ||
| img012 | Steering mechanisms for wishbone and Dubonnet suspensions, and the performance of LaSalle gears. | ||
| View original record | -2- On all wishbone jobs we find ourselves striving for a soft steering mechanism and on Dubonnets for a stiff mechanism. On wishbone suspensions the old fashioned springs in the drag link are a… | ||
| img013 | Notes on steering, detailing the analysis of two types of wheel fight observed during testing. | ||
| View original record | C O P Y. NOTES - STEERING. Feb. 25th/1936. Wheel Fight on rough roads. Experience in testing wheel fight on T.W. Chevrolet using road test and cams on the bump rig. Cams used: 4" x 3/4" 9" x 1" 18" x… | ||
| img014 | Taming wheel wobble frequency by adjusting steering and suspension systems. | ||
| View original record | -2- (2) Taming Wobble Frequency. However, either type of wheel fight can be suppressed at the expense of an increase in the other type by a suitable "tuning" of the natural frequency at which the… | ||
| img015 | Technical document detailing the nature and characteristics of wheel hop. | ||
| View original record | -3- (3) Nature of Wheel Hop. When dealing with the high-frequency variety of wheel fight we are interested in the characteristics of wheel hop. As observed on cams this is definitely a resonance… | ||
| img016 | Analysis of wheel fight and wheel hop, focusing on the effects of load and wishbone suspension height. | ||
| View original record | -4- (4) Effect of Load. In testing on cams we run into all sorts of apparent inconsistencies. When running at a certain frequency with the wheels hopping we will frequently make some change in… | ||
| img017 | Page discussing the preference for low frequency fight and engine tuning to reduce wheel wobble and shimmy. | ||
| View original record | -5- (6) Preference for low frequency fight. The conclusion that it is preferable to seek the low frequency fight condition dates from at least twelve years ago. Rolls-Royce experimented with springs… | ||
| img018 | Analysis of high-frequency vibration, wheel fight, and steering mechanisms. | ||
| View original record | -6- (b) High Frequency. We now find on the Chrysler 6 an engine mount which is tuned so that the max. engine movement occurs at 530-550 cycles/min. It appears that in this car the engine is actually… | ||
| img019 | Technical report on steering geometry, wheel fight, and the effects of wishbone suspension. | ||
| View original record | -7- (9) Steering Geometry - Up & Down. When we first saw the peculiar arrangement of the two unequal tie rods on the Chrysler we assumed that the intention was to get minimum change of toe-in from… | ||
| img020 | Page detailing causes, palliatives, and cures for steering and suspension issues like low-speed wobble and high-frequency fight. | ||
| View original record | -8- (5) A natural frequency of 400 a minute definitely causes low speed wobble, but this is easily damped out by a little friction in the steering mechanism. (6) Palliatives for high frequency fight… | ||
| img021 | Notes on wheel fight related to steering stiffness values and gear types. | ||
| View original record | -9- Chrysler relatively free from wheel fight. Stiffness on end of pitman arm 2100 #/in. Cam and roller on T.W. - fights. Stiffness 4770 #/in. worm and sector on T.W. - fights worse. Stiffness - 6000… | ||
| img022 | Graph illustrating wheel fight characteristics, showing amplitude against frequency cycles. | ||
| View original record | WHEEL FIGHT ON 9"x1" CAMS TYPICAL CONDITION. AMPLITUDE END OF HIGH FREQUENCY CYCLE COMING. DOWN. START OF LOW FREQUENCY CYCLE START OF HIGH FREQ. CYCLE. GOING UP A = LOW FREQ. CYCLE (CHIEFLY WHEEL… | ||
| img023 | Diagram of a steering column stiffness measurement setup. | ||
| View original record | WHEEL LOCKED STIFFNESS MEASURED HERE MOUNTING PLATE ROLLS ROYCE LTD. D.O. & G. ROOM STW/CM 24. APR. '36 DERBY | ||
| img024 | Technical document explaining the findings on wheel fight, wobble, and shimmy in steering systems. | ||
| View original record | COPY. WHEEL FIGHT IN STEERINGS. Mar.26th/1936. As we make more tests and get the picture more clearly, I think we are gradually enabled to state our findings in simpler terms. (1) Wobble & Shimmy.… | ||
| img025 | The principles of tuning a steering mechanism to avoid wheel fight, wobble, and shimmy. | ||
| View original record | -2- (3) Tuning Steering Mechanism. The most potent factor in determining wheel fight is the "tuning" of the steering mechanism which fixes the natural frequency at which the wheels oscillate round the… | ||
| img026 | Steering gear beliefs, the causes of 'rubbery' steering, and Dubonnet suspensions. | ||
| View original record | -3- (5) We arrive at two conclusions, contrary to the general beliefs, that steering gears should be rigid and that soft engine mounts have caused steering trouble. We find that many steerings can be… | ||
| img027 | Experiments with shimmy shackles and engine mounts to address wheel fight issues. | ||
| View original record | -4- (8) Shimmy Shackle. So far we have not been able to produce on wishbones any effect comparable with that of the shimmy shackle on front axles. Theoretically this lowers the flap frequency by… | ||
| img028 | Notes on investigations into the mechanics of low speed wobble and shimmy, focusing on self-energised oscillations. | ||
| View original record | JUNE 5, 1935. NOTES ON LOW SPEED WOBBLE AND SHIMMY. We have just finished some investigations on low speed wobble on the 25 Job and Chevrolet Master, which, combined with earlier work on shimmy, begin… | ||
| img029 | Technical document detailing the causes and types of oscillation and wobbling in a vehicle. | ||
| View original record | -2- controlling oscillation. 2. An oscillation of a second part out of phase with the first. This need not be very close to the natural frequency of the second part, but if greatly different the… | ||
| img030 | Blueprint diagram illustrating the phenomenon of wheel shimmy on a vehicle's front axle. | ||
| View original record | SHIMMY, α, A, B, C, E, TRACKS LEFT BY FRONT WHEELS IN VIOLENT SHIMMY. | ||
| img031 | Technical analysis of the forces and torques involved in front wheel shimmy. | ||
| View original record | -3- The car is shown shimmying with the right front wheel down. This wheel has just met the ground (at A) toed in at a considerable angle (5° or 10°). It is now being swung out by a couple which… | ||
| img032 | Blueprint diagram illustrating the forces and geometry of a vehicle's front and rear axles. | ||
| View original record | A B h F | ||
| img033 | Technical analysis of wheel shimmy and tramp, including diagrams of wheel movement. | ||
| View original record | -4- At A when the wheel meets the ground, it is toed in and produces a side thrust F in the direction of the arrow. This has a moment arm h about the roll axis of the axle. The couple F x h is such as… | ||
| img034 | Technical analysis of the dynamics of wheel shimmy, covering its starting and finishing conditions. | ||
| View original record | -5- Shimmy Starting When the shimmy starter starts, however, the loop is like C, which means that the wobble is leading the tramp by something less than 90° of phase. Here it is evident that the… | ||
| img035 | List of conclusions drawn from slow motion road tests about the causes and conditions of wheel shimmy. | ||
| View original record | -6- This gives a fairly complete general picture of true shimmy as we have observed it on the drums and in Goodyear's slow motion pictures of road tests. Certain obvious conclusions can be drawn :- 1.… | ||
| img036 | Technical analysis of wheel shimmy, frame stiffening, and torsional frequencies in vehicle chassis design. | ||
| View original record | -7- the two wheels, each of them can build up a shimmy cycle independent of the other. The difference in cycle is like the difference between a single-acting and a double-acting engine. The wheel is… | ||
| img037 | Technical document detailing the causes and characteristics of low-speed wobble in vehicles. | ||
| View original record | -8- Low speed Wobble. This occurs without any appreciable tramping of the wheels, and is an older trouble dating long before front brakes. It was less clearly understood than shimmy principally… | ||
| img038 | Blueprint diagram illustrating the approximate front wheel motion and low-speed wobble of a vehicle. | ||
| View original record | AXIS APPROX. AXIS OF LOW SPEED WOBBLE (360 CYCLES PER MINUTE) APPROXIMATE FRONT WHEEL MOTION CAR MOTION PATH OF WHEELS A, C, E - ZERO DISPLACEMENT OF CAR B, D - MAX. DISPLACEMENT OF CAR A, C, E - MAX… | ||
| img039 | Analysis of vehicle wobble observed on the road and on smooth drums using a stroboscope. | ||
| View original record | -9- Above is a picture of wobble as we have observed it on the road and on smooth drums. We have used a stroboscope to observe the wobble at 360 per minute which we get on the TI and Chevrolet Master… | ||
| img040 | Page discussing precession torque on wheels, illustrated with a diagram of right front wheel motion. | ||
| View original record | (10) RIGHT FRONT WHEEL LOOP SHOWING WHEEL MOTION ROTATION OF SPOT IS CLOCKWISE ANGLE OF ABOUT 10°. This means that the point of maximum wheel swing actually occurs less than 90° of phase before the… | ||
| img041 | Analysis of vehicle roll and kingpin forces, comparing pusher and puller Dubonnet suspension systems. | ||
| View original record | -11- of the qualities of a horizontal axis. To the extent to which the axis is vertical, the car as a whole points to the left during the period from A to C and right from C to E. Again this causes a… | ||
| img042 | Analysis of wheel wobble and caster angles, comparing a design with a Master Chevrolet. | ||
| View original record | -12- A careful check on the drums with the wheels first running backwards with negative caster and then running forward with positive caster, shows no appreciable difference in the production of… | ||
| img043 | Diagram illustrating forces and torques on a tyre, including side thrust from camber and slip angle. | ||
| View original record | SIDE THRUST FROM CAMBER CENTRE LINE OF KINGPIN MEETS GROUND TORQUE FROM SLIP ANGLE SIDE THRUST FROM SLIP ANGLE φ COMBINED TORQUE TORQUE FROM CAMBER CENTRE LINE OF TYRE CONTACT. KINGPIN. | ||
| img044 | Analysis of vehicle dynamics, focusing on lateral and rotary acceleration, and the causes and variations of wheel wobble. | ||
| View original record | -15- One can see therefore from the observed cycle :- 1. A maximum lateral acceleration of the car at about A' and C' followed by a maximum displacement of the car less than 90° later. The car is… | ||
| img045 | Blueprint diagram illustrating a car's approximate axis and center of gravity during movement. | ||
| View original record | Axis C.G. APPROX. Axis. 1 | ||
| img046 | Page from a report analyzing the causes and potential cures for vehicle wheel wobble or shimmy. | ||
| View original record | -14- 2. By increasing the inertia about the kingpin by adjustable weights and thus getting an increase of 20% or more in the total inertia, and then by jacking up the centre of the rear axle, we have… | ||
| img047 | Investigation into wheel wobble, focusing on the effects of tire pressure, speed, and engine mounts. | ||
| View original record | -18- kingpins, are not within practical possibilities. Tire Pressures. We attempted to find the effect of changing tire pressure from 20 to 35 lbs. The effect, if any, is not marked. It appears to be… | ||
| img048 | Weight balance around the kingpin and the effects of caster on steering. | ||
| View original record | -16- "tuning" of the engine to frame frequency which must exist in these two cases is not yet understood. Frame stiffness, can also have an influence. Increasing the stiffness of the nose of the frame… | ||
| img049 | Technical analysis of gyroscopic effects on wheel wobble and steering mechanisms. | ||
| View original record | -17- CENTRE OF GRAVITY OF SWINGING MASS. EFFECTIVE CASTER. Gyroscopic effects. The Gyroscopic effect of the swinging wheels upon the car is negligible. The guroscopic effect of the rocking car upon… | ||
| img050 | Technical memo about rolling resistance, inertia torque, and their effects on steering geometry and wheel wobble. | ||
| View original record | -18- Rolling Resistance and Inertia Torque We know from Goodyear tests that the actual resistance of tires increases with slip angle. We have built a small model which demonstrates an important fact,… | ||
| img051 | Analysis of wheel wobble, its causes, and how it is distinguished from shimmy. | ||
| View original record | -17- maximum rotary speed and the right front wheel has minimum. The left front wheel is retarded between A' and D' and the right front wheel accelerated. At C' left front wheel has maximum… | ||
| img052 | Page from a technical note discussing the causes and mitigations of wheel wobble and shimmy. | ||
| View original record | -lc- (5) cont'd. occurring at a much lower speed. Not depending on tramp. Not depending on wheel unbalance. Not depending on gyroscopic effects. (6) The cycle of wheel movement in wobble is similar to… | ||
| img053 | The influence of an engine mount on wobble for a 1935 Chevrolet Master, including a blueprint diagram. | ||
| View original record | June 20, 1935. INFLUENCE OF ENGINE MOUNT ON WOBBLE IT SUSPENSION ON 1935 CHEVROLET MASTER We were mistakenly under the impression that the engine was tuned too low (i.e., too softly mounted) on this… | ||
| img054 | Tests conducted to diagnose and resolve a vehicle wobble issue. | ||
| View original record | -2- Two adjustable rubber buffers (Cadillac front bumpers) were arranged as shown. These rubbers have a variable rate, so that tightening the screws actually stiffens the mounting of the engine in a… | ||
| img055 | Test report detailing the effects of drag link and front rubber adjustments on steering wobble. | ||
| View original record | -3- With 1/2 turn slack in the drag link there was a slight wobble tendency. With 3 turns slack in the drag link there was a violent wobble. 4. Tightened up the front rubbers 4 turns. With 1/2 turn… | ||
| img056 | Blueprint of a friction damper assembly mounted to a cylinder block. | ||
| View original record | FRICTION MATERIAL BELLEVILLE SPRING WASHER DASH CYLINDER BLOCK. | ||
| img057 | The effects of dampers, friction, and engine mounts on steering wobble and wheel fight. | ||
| View original record | -4- Using this damper on the road a "best" setting was found at which the wobble tendency seems to disappear. Considerable friction is found desirable and gives distinctly better results than… | ||
| img058 | Letter to General Motors discussing the causes of wheel wobble and shimmy. | ||
| View original record | July 15, 1935. To: Mr. C.F. Hunt, General Motors Corporation Maurice Olley, General Motors Building I have been wondering whether our recent work on this subject could not be summarized in a useful… | ||
| img059 | Illustrations and explanations of different types of wheel wobble and shimmy vibrations. | ||
| View original record | ROTATION SPOT ON END OF SPINDLE LOOP TRACED BY SPOT IN WOBBLE OR SHIMMY CAR MOTION (1) TRUE LOW SPEED WOBBLE LOOP IS THUS ON L.F WHEEL DIRECTION OF ROTATION OF SPOT 2. WOBBLE FORCED BY EVENLY SPACED… | ||
| img060 | Analysis of the causes, systems, and frequencies of low-speed wobble and high-speed shimmy in automobiles. | ||
| View original record | cars with large masses swinging around the kingpin have a tendency to the first type, and cars with small or swinging masses have a tendency to the second. In the case of low speed wobble or shimmy on… | ||
| img061 | The causes, characteristics, and remedies for different types of steering wobble and shimmy. | ||
| View original record | -4- It also follows that softening the steering mechanism, by springs in the drag-link, or by a shimmy damper, slows down the natural frequency of wobble and therefore tends to cure shimmy at the… | ||
| img062 | Analysis of wheel fight, its causes related to steering gear, chassis stiffness, and testing methods. | ||
| View original record | -2- on a bonnet such as m.p.h. on wishbone jobs. The range through which it may be produced depends on conditions (particularly castor) and may range from 1 m.p.h. to either side of whatever speed.… | ||
| img063 | Technical analysis of wheel wobble, its causes, and potential solutions including engine mounting. | ||
| View original record | -7- kingpin line from front to rear, inertia moments are set up around the kingpin which promote wheel fight. The curvature of the path of the wheel centre is important because inertia forces produced… | ||
| img064 | Factors and potential cures for wheel fight and shimmy in a vehicle. | ||
| View original record | -8- master Chevrolet use the engine mounts in this way). the action of the rocking engine serves apparently as a harmonic balancer which stops the rocking motion of the car which is on, or the sum of,… | ||
| img065 | Technical note listing the various factors that affect vehicle wobble. | ||
| View original record | Wobble. (Supplementary Notes) June, 17, 1931. We know of many things which actually do affect wobble. (There are several others the effect of which is not yet definitely established). The list is as… | ||
| img066 | Analysis of factors causing vehicle wobble, including tire pressure, frame stiffness, and wheel overhang. | ||
| View original record | -2- wobble excitation. Actually careful check on three cars fails to show definite result. Wobble was produced with drums running in either direction, and the amount of wobble for a given actual… | ||
| img067 | The fundamental conditions of 'wheel fight' on rough roads and methods for tuning the steering mechanism. | ||
| View original record | March 14th, 1936. Wheel Fight on rough roads. Fundamental Conditions appearing from recent work on road and bump rig. NOTE: The distinction of wheel fight on rough roads is made to indicate that this… | ||
| img068 | Technical analysis of wheel fight, comparing Dubonnet and wishbone suspension types and steering mechanisms. | ||
| View original record | -2- (4) Of the two types of wheel fight the high frequency type is by far the more violent, and the more difficult to damp out by steering friction. In tuning the steering it appears better to err on… | ||
| img069 | Technical note discussing the 'swing axle' effect, wheel fight, and suspension design. | ||
| View original record | -3- (10) "Swing axle" effect in the front wheels (i.e., change of camber) undoubtedly promotes high frequency wheel fight. A flexible frame has the same effect. This effect, which depends on… | ||
| img070 | Letter to Mr. Olley arranging a visit to Derby, offering a Phantom III for transport. | ||
| View original record | ey Exptl. Dept. Ha/Rm.11/KW. 17th April, 1936. M. Olley, Esq., Brown's Hotel, Dover St., LONDON, W.1. Tel: Regent 6020 Dear Oy, I hear from Hives that you are at present incognito in London, and that… | ||
| img071 | Typed telegram to Olley at Brown's Hotel regarding travel plans and a meeting. | ||
| View original record | [Handwritten] of OLLEY, BROWN'S HOTEL, DOVER STREET, LONDON, W.1. AM CONSIDERING COMING TO . LONDON MONDAY AFTERNOON, IN WHICH CASE COULD COME BACK WITH YOU TUESDAY. ARE YOU BUSY MONDAY NIGHT.… | ||
| img072 | Letter to M. Olley discussing valve spring technology and shot-blasting methods learned from American contacts. | ||
| View original record | Exptl. Dept. Hs/Rm.6/KW. 2nd May, 1936. M. Olley, Esq., Brown's Hotel, Dover Street, LONDON, W.1. Dear Oy., I much enjoyed listening to you on Wednesday, particularly after that soporific spokesman… | ||
| img073 | Letter from Chevrolet to Cadillac regarding a blueprint for Cylinder Head #537981 in response to questions from Rolls-Royce. | ||
| View original record | CHEVROLET MOTOR COMPANY DETROIT, MICHIGAN GENERAL MOTORS BUILDING FOR ECONOMICAL TRANSPORTATION [CHEVROLET LOGO] A PRODUCT OF GENERAL MOTORS February 21, 1936 Mr. M. Olley Cadillac Motor Car Company… | ||
| img074 | Letter requesting information on American cast-iron casting techniques and weights for a Chevrolet cylinder head. | ||
| View original record | ROLLS-ROYCE LTD. DERBY. Exptl. Dept. TELEGRAMS: "ROYCAR, DERBY" TELEPHONES: DERBY 1300 (8 LINES) IN YOUR REPLY PLEASE QUOTE Hs/Rm.1/KW. 30th January, 1936. M. Olley Esq., The Cadillac Motor Car Co.,… | ||
| img075 | Letter discussing the foundry development and casting specifications for Cylinder Head part #637981. | ||
| View original record | COPY to: Mr. J. G. Wood from: L. V. Cram - Flint February 17, 1936 I am returning to you a letter from Mr. Robotham to Mr. Olley dated January 30th. Our Cylinder Head, part #637981, represents a… | ||
| img076 | Information on 'Autosyn' self-synchronising motors used for measuring the angle of front wheels on skid-pad tests. | ||
| View original record | By Vauxhall Motors. May 21/36 Dear RM. Here is the information from the P.G. on the "Autosyn" self-synchronising motors used for measuring the angle of the front wheels on skid-pad tests. Two motors… | ||
| img077 | Procedure for calibrating front wheel steering angle using a 'Bean' axle scale and a transit. | ||
| View original record | 2. passenger. By means of lever lengths it is arranged that the angle of the front wheels is multiplied by 5 to 8, so that large; readable needle movements are obtained. The car is placed on a "Bean"… | ||
| img078 | Procedure for establishing the true straight-travel axis of a car using a transit and a flat plate setup. | ||
| View original record | 3 on the radiator shell showing this line, which is the true straight-travel axis of the car. By turning the transit through 90° we have a line truly square with the travel-axis. (Getting the true… | ||
| img079 | Procedure for measuring suspension friction and calculating the front wheel slip angle. | ||
| View original record | 4 The car is driven to the flat plate and the transit sighted on the mark on the center post. If the post is on the right of the car as shown the car is rolled over to the left as far as it will stick… | ||
| img080 | Page detailing the procedure for vehicle dynamics testing, focusing on cornering and data collection. | ||
| View original record | 5. So we get from each test, the front wheel steering angle, the front wheel slip angle, the rear wheel slip angle, and the roll angle. To make good diagrams these should all be plotted, not against… | ||
| img081 | Analysis of vehicle handling, with a graph plotting steering angle against lateral acceleration to show understeer and oversteer characteristics. | ||
| View original record | makes little difference as between 110 ft radius at 25 m p h and say 990 ft radius at 75 m p h. If there is a difference our tests have not been good enough to bring it out. The transit work is not so… | ||
| img082 | Letter discussing car handling preferences, understeer, oversteer, and stabilizers. | ||
| View original record | 7. On the interpretation of these results I am sure, from our work here at Vauxhall, that we must agree to differ. In the States we prefer moderate understeer because we need cars which will handle… | ||
| img083 | Advertisement and specification sheet for the 'Autosyn' self-synchronizing motor by Pioneer Instrument Company. | ||
| View original record | "autosyn" The smallest Self-Synchronizing Motor . . . adaptable for remote indicators The uses for "Autosyn" are wide and varied in practically every industry where remote indications are desired.… | ||
| img084 | Technical drawing and wiring diagram for an Autosyn Motor, Type 769 B. | ||
| View original record | AUTOSYN MOTOR, TYPE 769 B 32 Volts A.C. 60 Cycles A G 1 2 3 #6-32 Tap 3 Holes on 2.125 Dia. 120° Apart #6-32 Tap 3 Holes on 1.562 Dia. 120° Apart 2 Dia. 1.875 +.000 -.002 15/16 13/16 2 3/4 5/8 3/16… | ||
| img085 | Photograph of a Type 851 motor component. | ||
| View original record | Handwritten: TYPE 851 On motor label: [Left Plate - largely illegible] [...]SYN MOTOR TYPE NO. [...] PHASE [...] VOLTS [...] CYCLES [...] SERIAL NO. [...] [Right Plate - largely illegible] VACTRIC… | ||
| img086 | Letter to Vauxhall Motors describing a spring testing machine made by Averys. | ||
| View original record | Oy Exptl. Dept. Hs/FJH.19/KW. 25th May, 1936. M. Olley, Esq., Messrs. Vauxhall Motors Ltd., Luton, Beds. Dear Mr. Olley, Re your note asking for particulars of our spring testing machine. I am afraid… | ||
| img087 | Letter from Vauxhall Motors requesting particulars of a load-deflection testing machine. | ||
| View original record | Vauxhall Motors. May 2/36 F.J.H. Please send particulars of the machine in Bases dept for the Spring Rm Dear Hooa You said you had a good testing machine which would - I believe you said - draw its… | ||
| img088 | With type, weight, and machine number specifications. | ||
| View original record | Avery Type A721/293. T's weigh 180 lb. Machine No E3170. | ||
| img089 | Thank you letter on 'Cunard White Star 'Berengaria'' letterhead. | ||
| View original record | ON BOARD CUNARD WHITE STAR "BERENGARIA" Oy. June 10/36 My dear Rm. Very many thanks for the ride to Yarmouth. I fear it was somewhat of an imposition especially on Sunday, but it enabled me to see my… | ||
| img090 | Solutions for vehicle steering and suspension problems, referencing a Vauxhall component. | ||
| View original record | kick. If you want to see this in miniature why not borrow and reproduce the "bouncing bed" which Vauxhall has? al Matthew Park will send it you. I think it is well worth the few shillings it costs.… | ||
| img091 | List of vehicle suspension and frame improvements. | ||
| View original record | of change of camber angle at the normal load position. In the case of your new links which give 2° at bump the rate of change at normal load is probably zero. ② more irreversible gear. ③ Better… | ||
| img092 | Letter to M. Olley of Cadillac discussing the challenges of car stability and steering in side winds, specifically regarding oversteer and slip angles. | ||
| View original record | Exptl. Dept. Hs/Gry.16/KW. 6th July, 1936. M. Olley Esq., The Cadillac Motor Co.Ltd., Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. Dear Oy, We are up against the problem of making a racing car of streamline shape steer… | ||
| img093 | The concluding page of a letter with an apology for going off-topic. | ||
| View original record | -2- Hs/Orv.16/KW.6.7.36. With apologies for questions so far removed from American bread and butter. Yours sincerely, | ||
| img094 | Letter from Cadillac discussing vehicle handling characteristics in side winds, particularly understeer and oversteer. | ||
| View original record | CADILLAC MOTOR CAR COMPANY DETROIT, MICHIGAN CADILLAC AND LASALLE MOTOR CARS July 14, 1936. Mr. Grylls, Rolls-Royce, Limited, Derby, England. Dear Grylls: Answering yours of July 6, I think from our… | ||
| img095 | Letter to M. Olley of Cadillac Motor Co. Ltd. concerning a skid pan and anticipating a major European crisis. | ||
| View original record | Cy Exptl. Dept. HB/Fan.9/JH. 3rd August, 1936. M.Olley Esq., The Cadillac Motor Co.Ltd., Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. Dear Cy, Thank you so much for your cable, re electric storage battery Co. which gave… | ||
| img096 | Letter to Cadillac inquiring about tyre wear, steering characteristics of front-wheel-drive cars, and other technical matters. | ||
| View original record | oy Exptl. Dept. Ha/Cry.16/JH. 13th August, 1936. M.Olley Esq., The Cadillac Motor Co.Ltd., Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. Dear Oy., Searching in a drawer the other day brought to light the 'dope' you left… | ||
| img097 | Letter to M. Olley at Cadillac discussing unusual tyre wear on a long-distance record-breaking car and suspension arrangements for a sprint car. | ||
| View original record | Exptl. Dept. HS/Gry.10/KW. 24th September, 1936. M. Olley, Esq., c/o. The Cadillac Motor Co., Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. Dear Oy., You will remember that I asked you in my last letter whether you could… | ||
| img098 | Letter from G.E.T. Eyston discussing suspension and tyre wear issues on land speed record cars. | ||
| View original record | copy G.E.T. Eyston, 16, Hanover Road, N.W.10. 21st September, 1936. E.W. Hives Esq., Messrs. Rolls-Royce Ltd., DERBY. Dear Mr. Hives, Suspension. (a) 'Speed of the Wind' (b) 300 m.p.h. car. (a) The… | ||
| img099 | Page 2 of a letter from George Eyston questioning the justification for an articulated rear axle and asking for suspension improvements. | ||
| View original record | -2- As the offside wheel does only three revolutions more than the nearside on a 10 miles circuit, is the fitment of an articulated rear axle justified ? Both back tyres were capable of doing 4 hours… | ||
| img100 | Letter from Maurice Olley of Cadillac regarding the characteristics of front-wheel drive vehicles, including tire traction and suspension issues. | ||
| View original record | CADILLAC MOTOR CAR COMPANY DETROIT, MICHIGAN [Logo: CADILLAC and LaSALLE MOTOR CARS] September 24, 1936. Mr. S. W. Grylls, Rolls-Royce, Limited, Derby, England. Dear Gry: Yours of August 13. I do not… | ||
| img101 | Letter to Cadillac discussing G.M. Babbitt material, bearing shells, and an experimental car with torsion rods. | ||
| View original record | oy Exptl. Dept. Hs/Rm.19/KW. 8th October, 1936. M. Olley, Esq., c/o The Cadillac Motor Co.Ltd., Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. Dear Oy, Delighted to hear you are coming to Vauxhall's. I think you are wise… | ||
| img102 | Letter requesting 1937 Cadillac and La Salle service manuals from The Cadillac Motor Co. Ltd. | ||
| View original record | ey Exptl. Dept. Hs/Rm.12/kW. 16th October, 1936. M. Olley, Esq., The Cadillac Motor Co.Ltd., Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. Dear Olley, We have just received a copy of the Buick Service Manual for 1937. A… | ||
| img103 | Letter from Cadillac Motor Car Company regarding roll-couple distribution and tire wear on the Eyston car. | ||
| View original record | CADILLAC MOTOR CAR COMPANY DETROIT, MICHIGAN October 31, 1936. Mr. S. Grylls, Rolls-Royce, Limited, Derby, England. Dear Grylls: I have been trying to find time to deal properly with yours of… | ||
| img104 | The handling faults of front-wheel drive cars at high speed and potential cures. | ||
| View original record | -2- lowering of its standing height, might change the wear from a local-ized wear on the inside of the tread to an even wear across the tread and would also tend to prevent the tire lifting off the… | ||
| img105 | Technical memorandum discussing vehicle handling, including understeer, oversteer, steering geometry, and caster. | ||
| View original record | -3- (2) Continued: have a quite pronounced understeer and will stand for quite a bit of the contrary effect. * This might be done a little more exactly by making a roll-rate test on the car on… | ||
| img106 | Hand-drawn graph showing the approximate curve of cornering power with load. | ||
| View original record | Approx. Curve of Cornering Power with Load Cornering Power lbs side thrust per Degree of Slip Angle Radial load on Tyre mean Reduced cornering Power on hand turns. Depends on roll couple carried by a… | ||
| img107 | Night letter cable to Cadillac Motors requesting information on Babbitt technique and fatigue improvement. | ||
| View original record | NIGHT LETTER CABLE. REPLY PAID. OLLEY, CADILLAC MOTORS, DETROIT, MICHIGAN U.S.A. INFORMATION DESIRED RE. GENERAL MOTORS BABBIT TECHNIQUE AND FATIGUE IMPROVEMENT ARE SUPPLIES OF BABBIT AVAILABLE… | ||
| img108 | Letter to M. Olley of Cadillac discussing the competition between Dubonnet and Wishbone suspension systems. | ||
| View original record | 04 Expl. Dept. Rm.26/MJ. 2nd. November, 1936. M. Olley Esq., The Cadillac Motor Co. Ltd., Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. Dear Olley, I visited Vauxhall's for the first time the other day and met Appel… | ||
| img109 | General Motors' Babbitt technique and alternative materials like Aluminium Alloy. | ||
| View original record | Bm.26/MJ. 2nd. November. 1936. -2- "INFORMATION DESIRED RE. GENERAL MOTORS BABBIT TECHNIQUE AND FATIGUE IMPROVEMENT ARE SUPPLIES OF BABBIT AVAILABLE ENGLAND ALTERNATIVELY CAN G.M. SUPPLY." Nobody… | ||
| img110 | Letter from Cadillac regarding vehicle handling tests, the use of a skid pad, and the PIII's oversteer characteristics. | ||
| View original record | CADILLAC MOTOR CAR COMPANY DETROIT. MICHIGAN [CADILLAC and LaSALLE MOTOR CARS logo] [Handwritten top right]: [circled] 64 November 17, 1936. [Handwritten]: Gry Are we doing this Rm Mr. W. A. Robotham,… | ||
| img111 | Letter to the Cadillac Motor Car Company regarding Eyston's car, skid-pan measurements, and handling tests. | ||
| View original record | oy. (Experimental Dept.) Rml1/R. 16th December 1936. M. Olley, Esq., Cadillac Motor Car Company, Detroit, Michigan. U.S.A. Dear Olley, Many belated thanks for your long letter re Eyston's car. He is… | ||
| img112 | Letter to M. Olley of Cadillac regarding a trip to the USA to compare a Phantom III model with American productions. | ||
| View original record | Oy (Experimental Dept.) Rm5/R. 22nd December, 1936. M. Olley, Esq., Cadillac Motor Car Company, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A. Dear Oy., When are you coming over to England for good? E. and I are… | ||
| img113 | Letter from Cadillac Motor Car Company discussing steering and slip angle curves. | ||
| View original record | Oy file CADILLAC MOTOR CAR COMPANY DETROIT, MICHIGAN CADILLAC and LaSALLE MOTOR CARS December 31, 1936. Mr. S. Grylls, Rolls-Royce, Limited, Derby, England. Dear Grylls: Yours of December 16. I attach… | ||
| img114 | Analysis of steering characteristics and handling dynamics with comparisons to other car models. | ||
| View original record | -2- Note from Chart I that one degree plus or minus at .4 g is a fairly representative figure. The direction of curvature of the steering angle line above .4 g is profoundly important. Downward curve… | ||
| img115 | Cornering power of tires on different surfaces and under various loads. | ||
| View original record | -2- On flat concrete the cornering power under normal conditions is about 35% higher than on the steel drum, but it falls off much more rapidly under both high and low loads due to the fact that these… | ||
| img116 | Graph comparing steering angle versus lateral acceleration for various 1936 cars at manufacturer's recommended tire pressure. | ||
| View original record | STEERING ANGLE VS. G 1936 CARS MFR'S TIRE PRESS. CORRECT ACKERMANN ANGLES CAD 75 6.1° CORD 5.5° STUD PRES 5.4° LAS CAD60 5.4° OLDS 6 TERR 5.08° CHEV MAST 5.0° CHEV. STD. 4.9° Graph Lines: CORD. FR.… | ||
| img117 | Graph plotting and comparing the slip angles of a 1936 Cord and a Terraplane 6, analysing front-wheel drive effect and oversteer. | ||
| View original record | SLIP ANGLES CORD - TERRAPLANE 6 - 1936 CORD - FRONT DRIVE EFFECT TERRA + OVERSTEER DEGS en CORD - FRONT TERRA - REAR TERRA - FRONT CORD - REAR 30 MPH ZERO ERRORS Olley Nov 16/36 V | ||
| img118 | Letter from Rm. to Oy. discussing a company re-organisation, business partnerships, and sourcing road springs. | ||
| View original record | Oy. from Rm. Rm12/R.5.7.37. Dear Oy., I hear indirectly that you are in England. Needless to say, we should like you and the family to come and stay with us when you can manage it. Possibly Norma and… | ||
| img119 | Letter to Maurice Olley arranging a meeting to discuss axles, coordinating around factory holiday closures. | ||
| View original record | cy. Rm7/R. 9th July, 1937. Maurice Olley, Esq., Aldenham House Club, Elstree, HERTS: Dear Olley, He. has handed me your letter of July 5th, and asked me to make a date with you so that we can tell you… | ||
| img120 | Letter from Vauxhall Motors discussing spring suppliers and the specifications required for ordering. | ||
| View original record | VAUXHALL MOTORS Ltd CONTRACTORS TO THE ADMIRALTY, WAR OFFICE & AIR MINISTRY. TELEPHONE NUMBER 2600 LUTON. LUTON. BEDS. TELEGRAMS CARVAUX, TELEX, LUTON WHEN REPLYING PLEASE QUOTE OUR REF. YOUR REF.… | ||
| img121 | Page 2 of a letter from Maurice Olley regarding spring test specifications, life expectancy, and materials. | ||
| View original record | -2- from the mounting surface at the center of the spring to the line joining the two spring eyes. (6) Load at this opening (Tolerance say +/- 20 lbs on experimental springs) (7) Test rate on rollers… | ||
| img122 | Letter to M. Olley of Vauxhall Motors regarding a meeting to discuss road springs. | ||
| View original record | Rm9/R. 15th July, 1937. M. Olley, Esq., Vauxhall Motors Ltd., Luton, BEDS. Dear Olley, Many thanks for your letter of July 13th with your observations on road springs. If it were at all possible, it… | ||
| img123 | Letter enclosing a Cadillac La Salle Shop Manual on loan to Vauxhall Motors Ltd. | ||
| View original record | (Experimental Dept.) OY Rm7/EJH/R. 20th Sept., 1937. M. Olley, Esq., Vauxhall Motors Ltd., Luton, BEDS: Dear Sir, As requested, we enclose herewith on loan the Cadillac La Salle Shop Manual, as… | ||
| img124 | Letter from Vauxhall Motors discussing steering geometry, understeer, and the Ackermann angle. | ||
| View original record | VAUXHALL MOTORS Ltd CONTRACTORS TO THE ADMIRALTY, WAR OFFICE & AIR MINISTRY. LUTON, BEDS. TELEPHONE NUMBER 2600 LUTON TELEGRAMS CAPVAUX, TELEX, LUTON WHEN REPLYING PLEASE QUOTE -> OUR REF. MO/KP YOUR… | ||
| img125 | Analysis of vehicle steering behavior and handling characteristics under lateral acceleration at different speeds. | ||
| View original record | Mr. Grylls, Rolls Royce Limited, Derby. 17. 11. 37. We detect a slight effect between curves plotted against lateral acceleration at max 30 m.p.h. and max 60 m.p.h. It looks, from stop-press… | ||
| img126 | Technical memorandum discussing vehicle handling dynamics, steering angles, and Ackermann geometry. | ||
| View original record | Mr. Grylls, Rolls Royce Limited, Derby. The alternative is to set the front wheels to 3.1/2°, giving only .22g at the start and allow the car to drift into the turn rather slowly. But, on English… | ||
| img127 | Letter from Maurice Olley to Mr. Grylls discussing Pontiac steering and the need for a large flat test area. | ||
| View original record | Mr. Grylls, Rolls Royce Limited, DERBY. On the Pontiac, soft and sloppy though it is, he can have the satisfaction of tearing off a big hunk of steering angle without being far off. It seems a pity we… | ||
| img128 | Hand-drawn graph comparing the steering angles and wheel angles of Ford, Studebaker, and Packard vehicles against Ackermann geometry. | ||
| View original record | Angles FORD STG WHEEL STUDEBAKER STG. WL. STUDEBAKER STG PACKARD STG Ackermann FORD STG PACKARD STG WHEEL O % G .6G | ||
| img129 | Graph of vehicle dynamics characteristics for a 1937 Pontiac 8. | ||
| View original record | Pontiac 8 1937 % G 10° 9° 8° T 6° 5° 4° 3° 2° 1° 0° 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 ROLL ANGLE WITHOUT RUBBER STOPS STG. ANGLE 30 MPH FRONT SLIP ROLL ANGLE STG. ANGLE 60 MPH CRITICAL PT 30 MPH ACKERMANN 30 MPH… | ||
| img130 | Letter discussing vehicle steering characteristics, namely under-steer and over-steer, in response to an article in 'Autocar'. | ||
| View original record | 1097. Oy. November 22nd. 1937. Rm/Gry.1/AP. M.Olley, Esq., Vauxhall Motors Ltd., LUTON, BEDS. Dear Olley, Many thanks for your letter of the 17th, which has given us a lot to think about. With regard… | ||
| img131 | Letter from Vauxhall Motors discussing theories on steering, understeer, and caster effects. | ||
| View original record | VAUXHALL MOTORS Ltd CONTRACTORS TO THE ADMIRALTY, WAR OFFICE & AIR MINISTRY. LUTON. BEDS. TELEPHONE NUMBER 2600 LUTON TELEGRAMS CARVAUX. TELEX. LUTON WHEN REPLYING PLEASE QUOTE OUR REF. MO/KF YOUR… | ||
| img132 | Hand-drawn graph comparing steering wheel angle and caster angle against lateral acceleration. | ||
| View original record | Pontiac Stg wheel Pontiac Stg wheel angle A I II Reduced caster angle fa Stg angle ack angle Lat Acc | ||
| img133 | Letter to Vauxhall Motors discussing caster angle and querying the design of a Cadillac semi-floating rear axle. | ||
| View original record | RH/Gry.4/WH. 9th. December 1937. M.Olley, Esq., Messrs. Vauxhall Motors Ltd., Luton, BEDS. Dear Oy, Many thanks for your last letter which has explained why a car on which we reduce the ca/ster angle… | ||
| img134 | Letter from Vauxhall Motors regarding rear wheel overhang, shaft design, and materials, with references to Cadillac models. | ||
| View original record | Vauxhall Motors Ltd CONTRACTORS TO THE ADMIRALTY, WAR OFFICE & AIR MINISTRY. TELEPHONE NUMBER 2600 LUTON. LUTON, BEDS. TELEGRAMS CADNAUX, TELEX, LUTON WHEN REPLYING PLEASE QUOTE OUR REF. MO/KF YOUR… | ||
| img135 | Letter to Vauxhall Motors regarding shock absorber attachments, spring gaiters, and a comparison of rubber bushes. | ||
| View original record | RM/Les.J/MH. Maurice Olley, Esq., Messrs. Vauxhall Motors Ltd., Luton, BEDS. 22nd. December 1937. Dear Olley, Can you let me have a little more information about the attachment of shock absorber… | ||
| img136 | Blueprint of graphs comparing steering angle curves with and without various roll rods and tyre pressures. | ||
| View original record | TYPICAL STEERING ANGLE CURVE WITH REAR ROLL ROD TYRE PRESSURES: REAR 30 LBS/SQ" FRONT 25 LBS/SQ" FIG. 1 STEERING ANGLE CURVES WITHOUT ROLL ROD ① FRONT TYRES 25 LBS/SQ" | REAR 30 LBS/SQ" ② FRONT & REAR… | ||
| img137 | Letter to Maurice Olley of Vauxhall Motors discussing vehicle axle performance and handling characteristics. | ||
| View original record | by. Rm/Gry.2/WH. Maurice Olley, Esq., Messrs. Vauxhall Motors Ltd., Luton, BEDS. 24th. December 1937. Dear Oy, Thanks for your letter on the Cadillac 60 axle. Herewith a further print to the ones… | ||
| img138 | Graph plotting steering angle and torque curves against sideways G-force from a wet ramp skid pan test. | ||
| View original record | SKID PAN - WET RAMP DUNLOP 6-50-17 SILENT TYRES FRONTS 25 LBS/SQ" REAR 30 LBS/SQ" STEERING ANGLE CURVES ① FROM TRACK ROD MOVEMENT ② FROM STEERING WHEEL ③ TORQUE ON STEERING WHEEL UNDERSTEER SIDEWAYS… | ||
| img139 | Letter from Vauxhall Motors Ltd discussing shock spindles, spring covers, and skid pad results. | ||
| View original record | 1097 Gy Vauxhall Motors Ltd CONTRACTORS TO THE ADMIRALTY, WAR OFFICE & AIR MINISTRY. LUTON. BEDS. TELEPHONE NUMBER 2600 LUTON TELEGRAMS CARVAUX, TELEX, LUTON WHEN REPLYING PLEASE QUOTE -> OUR REF.… | ||
| img140 | Analysis of vehicle steering dynamics, roll, and tyre pressure effects from test data. | ||
| View original record | Mr. Grylls, Rolls Royce Limited, Derby. 29. 12. 37. The steering angle, less Ackermann, is the difference between front slip angle and attitude curves. So that front slip crosses steering angle where… | ||
| img141 | Letter from Maurice Olley to Mr. Grylls discussing the effects of traction, load, and braking on tyre cornering power and oversteer. | ||
| View original record | Mr. Grylls, Rolls Royce Limited, Derby. 29. 12. 37. slightly more towards oversteer because increased traction in the rear tyres reduces their cornering power appreciably. Driving slow in a high lane… | ||
| img142 | Graph of roadability curves for a 1937 Oldsmobile 6 Touring Sedan. | ||
| View original record | ROADABILITY CURVES. #2065 OLDSMOBILE 6 1937 TOURING SEDAN 5-13-37 OD. 5940. 4 PASS LOAD F-1915 R-2200 TIRE MFRS. TIRE PRESS. F-27.2 R-33.5 ROLL ANGLE FRONT SLIP ANGLE STEERING ANGLE ATTITUDE. MILES… | ||
| img143 | Roadability curves for a 1937 Oldsmobile 6 Touring Sedan showing various angles versus lateral acceleration. | ||
| View original record | ROADABILITY CURVES # 2065 OLDSMOBILE 6 1937 TOURING SEDAN S 13.37 C.D. 5940 4 PASS LOAD F-1915 R-2200 CAR MFRS TIRE PRESS F-28 R-31 APPROX STG. WHEEL ANGLE FRONT SLIP ANGLE STEERING ANGLE ATTITUDE… | ||
| img144 | Letter to Maurice Olley of Vauxhall Motors discussing oversteer, understeer, and skid-pan testing results. | ||
| View original record | RM/IMW.1/EH. Oy. 5th. January 1938. Maurice Olley, Esq., Messrs. Vauxhall Motors Ltd., Luton, BEDS. Dear Mr.Olley, Grylls is at present very deep in gearboxes so has asked me to return the Oldsmobile… | ||
| img145 | Letter to M. Olley, Esq. discussing methods for measuring slip angles on a skid-pan. | ||
| View original record | M.Olley, Esq. -2- 5th. January 1938. we intend to follow your suggestion and record attitude as well as steering angle, so that we can plot slip angles. we are thinking of rigging up a simple… | ||
| img146 | Letter from Vauxhall Motors discussing tyre data on cornering force, braking, and driving based on U.S. Rubber Company tests. | ||
| View original record | [Handwritten top left]: oy [Handwritten top right]: From m.s Vauxhall Motors Ltd CONTRACTORS TO THE ADMIRALTY, WAR OFFICE & AIR MINISTRY LUTON. BEDS. TELEPHONE NUMBER 2600 LUTON TELEGRAMS CARVOX.… | ||
| img147 | Tyre performance characteristics including precession torque and camber thrust. | ||
| View original record | S.H. Grylls Esq., Rolls-Royce Limited. U.S. test is correct because it is the forces square to and in line with the path of the wheel that we want to know. It appears therefore (and is confirmed by… | ||
| img148 | Analysis of vehicle dynamics including precession torque, rolling resistance, camber, and skid pad results. | ||
| View original record | S.H. Grylls Esq., Rolls Royce Limited. Precession Torque. We had thought that fitting a front stabilizer would increase the total precession torque, because it certainly increases feel, but since the… | ||
| img149 | Steering linkage elasticity, oversteer effects, and the performance of rear stabilizers at high speed. | ||
| View original record | S.H. Grylls Esq., Rolls-Royce Limited. 21. 1. 38. Curve 2 shows 2 1/2º apparent increased steering angle at .4g at the steering wheel due to elasticity of the steering linkage. We have measured about… | ||
| img150 | Letter from Maurice Olley discussing vehicle roll stiffness, oversteer/understeer, and stability, with comparisons to competitor cars. | ||
| View original record | S.H. Grylls Esq., Rolls-Royce Limited. 21. 1. 38. (1). Total. 345-450 lbs feet per degree per 2000 lbs of car wt. 450 is definitely on the stiff side. 345 is pretty soft though 1937 Chrysler 6 & 8… | ||
| img151 | Postscript discussing the dynamics of rear-wheel steering and other miscellaneous design notes. | ||
| View original record | S.H. Grylls Esq., Rolls-Royce Limited. P.S; (1). Just as a mental exercise consider what would happen if we tried to steer cars by the hind wheels. The torque on the steering wheels would always… | ||
| img152 | Hand-drawn graph showing a possible curve of cornering force against traction and braking. | ||
| View original record | SIR. 1. Possible curve of cornering force against traction & braking Cornering Force PIPER-TORQUE ? C.P. ? Traction 0 Braking | ||
| img153 | Graph of Camber Thrust of a 6-16.4 tire against Camber Angle on emery cloth surfaces. | ||
| View original record | CAMBER THRUST OF 6-16.4 TIRE 28# INF EMERY CLOTH SURFACES 33.6" RAD & FLAT CAMBER ANGLE -7° FLAT CURVES EXTRAPOLATED BELOW THIS POINT. RATED LOAD 915# T. & R. STANDARDS. THRUST LBS 20 40 60 80 160 180… | ||
| img154 | Graph plotting Camber Thrust against Tire Load for various camber angles and road surface types, noting the effect of a front stabilizer. | ||
| View original record | NOTE: REDUCTION OF TOTAL CAMBER THRUST WITH INCREASING FRONT STABILIZER. CAMBER THRUST #200 #400 5° FLAT 7° CURVED 5° CURVED 3° FLAT 3° CURVED 1° FLAT 1° CURVED TIRE LOAD LBS 12 | ||
| img155 | Graph showing camber thrust versus camber angle for a 7.5-16.6 tire on emery cloth. | ||
| View original record | Camber Thrust of 7.5-16.6 Tire 36# Inf Emery Cloth Curved 33.6" Rad & Flat THRUST LBS 400 360 320 280 240 Curves extrapolated beyond this range Rated Load 1560# T&R Standards Camber Angle 7º Flat 2 | ||
| img156 | Graph showing the relationship between tire load in pounds and camber. | ||
| View original record | CAMBER 200 160 120 80 40 0 TIRE LOAD LBS 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 5° FLAT 7° CURVED 5° CURVED 3° FLAT 3° CURVED 0° FLAT 1° CURVED | ||
| img157 | Graph of precession torque for a 7 1/2 - 16.6 tire, with curves plotted for different slip angles. | ||
| View original record | 3 PRECESSION TORQUE OF 7 1/2 - 16.6 TIRE 36# INF 29 MPG STEEL DRUM, 33.6" RAD TORQUE LB-FT 200 180 160 140 120 100 1560# Rated Load SLIP ANGLE 7° 6° 5° 4° 3° | ||
| img158 | Graph plotting recession against tire load for various angles. | ||
| View original record | Y-Axis Label: TIRE LOAD - LBS Y-Axis Scale: 0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2400, 2800, 3200 X-Axis Label (upside down): RECESSION X-Axis Scale: 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 Line Labels: 16°, 1° | ||
| img159 | Graph of precession torque for slip angle combined with camber angle of equal amount for a 6-16.4 tire. | ||
| View original record | A 6-16.4 TIRE 28# INF 915# RATED LOAD PRECESSION TORQUE FOR SLIP ANGLE COMBINED WITH CAMBER ANGLE OF EQUAL AMOUNT 0° CAMBER COMBINATION LOAD 1370# 150% 1145# 125% PRECESSION TORQUE - LBS FT | ||
| img160 | Graph plotting a variable labelled 'Trecessi' against Degrees Slip Angle under different load conditions. | ||
| View original record | TRECESSI DEGREES SLIP ANGLE. 915# - 100% 650# - 71% 0 10 20 30 40 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | ||
| img161 | Graph from a U.S. Rubber dynamic test showing drag versus slip angle for a 6-16.4 tire. | ||
| View original record | DRAG OF 6-16.4 TIRE 31# INFL. 28 MPH. STEEL DRUM U.S. RUBBER DYNAMIC TEST LBS DRAG. # 150 DRAG VERTICAL K'PIN IN PLANE OF WHEEL FOR MEASURING PRECESSION TORQUE. CORNERING FORCE 67" DRUM SLIP ANGLE 8°… | ||
| img162 | Graph plotting load in LBS against an unlabelled variable at different angles. | ||
| View original record | LBS. LOAD 0 500 1000 1500 2000 # 0 50 100 Y 0° 2° 4° 6° | ||
| img163 | Graph of steering angle curves plotted against percentage G-force and speed. | ||
| View original record | 6 STEERING ANGLE CURVES AGAINST %G & AGAINST SPEED 5° ACKERMANN 0 -.5° R.R. CURVE SUGGESTED "IDEAL" REAR STAB. 10 20 30 40 50 60 % G | ||
| img164 | Graph of steering angle curves against speed for various cornering radii and conditions. | ||
| View original record | STG ANGLE CURVE AGAINST %G ASSUMED CONSTANT AT ALL SPEEDS ACKER -.5° -1.0° -1.5° MPH 100' RAD FLAT 800' RAD FLAT 800' RAD BANKED FOR 40 M.P.H. | ||
| img165 | Letter to Vauxhall Motors regarding the supply of 1938 model spring covers and discussing suspension components. | ||
| View original record | oy. xxx 2424. Rm/Lts.2/WH. Mr. M.Olley, 24th. January 1938. Messrs. Vauxhall Motors Ltd., Luton, BEDS. Dear Mr.Olley, Thank you for the information concerning spring covers. I note you say that 1938… | ||
| img166 | Letter to Vauxhall Motors discussing a translated German paper, camber thrust, and tyre performance. | ||
| View original record | O-y February 2nd.1938 Rm/Gry.5/AP. M.Olley Esq., Messrs Vauxhall Motors Ltd., LUTON, Beds. Dear Oy, Many thanks for your letter of the 21st. I am sending you a German paper we had translated, of which… | ||
| img167 | Letter from Vauxhall Motors Ltd to S.H. Grylls discussing deceleration, braking tests, and tyre performance. | ||
| View original record | VAUXHALL MOTORS Ltd CONTRACTORS TO THE ADMIRALTY, WAR OFFICE & AIR MINISTRY LUTON, BEDS. TELEPHONE NUMBER 2600 LUTON. TELEGRAMS CARVAUX. TELEX. LUTON. WHEN REPLYING PLEASE QUOTE -> OUR REF MD/KF YOUR… | ||
| img168 | Letter from Maurice Olley discussing the theory of safe braking, including formulas for ideal front to rear brake force apportionment. | ||
| View original record | S.H. Grylls Esq., Rolls Royce Limited, Derby. 8. 2. 38. vehicle was forced to move crabwise. Their work is of extraordinary interest but gives very little usable information. I venture to suggest that… | ||
| img169 | Graph plotting performance coefficients for various vehicle drive systems. | ||
| View original record | COEFFICIENT .5 .6 .7 .8 .9 1.0 NORMAL ACC. IN GEARS. THEORETICAL 2-WL DRIVE WL DRIVE | ||
| img170 | Graph and calculations comparing traction requirements for front-wheel and rear-wheel drive vehicles under acceleration. | ||
| View original record | TRACTION .4 .3 .2 .1 ACCELERATION 0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 g. [Diagram of a car with forces and dimensions labelled] Labels in diagram: W, Wa, Wb, h, l, a, b, = (W/g)a Traction Coeff Required FRONT DRIVE =… | ||
| img171 | Invitation to M. Olley of Vauxhall Motors to visit Derby and use the Skid Pan. | ||
| View original record | Oy or fircide? Rm4/R. 4th March, 1938. M. Olley, Esq., Vauxhall Motors Ltd., LUTON, Beds. Dear Olley, I believe you are reading your paper at Coventry on March 8th. In view of your proximity to Derby,… | ||
| img172 | Letter to Vauxhall Motors regarding a sudden preference for squares over pressed-on levers on knurled shafts. | ||
| View original record | Oy RM/Les.4/MH. 11th. March 1938. M.Olley, Esq., Vauxhall Motors Ltd., Luton, BEDS. Dear Mr. Olley, A lot of our people have suddenly got a scare against levers being pressed on to knurled shafts and… | ||
| img173 | Inquiry to Vauxhall Motors regarding the reliability and safety of 4-ply tyres. | ||
| View original record | O.y. Rm/Gry./WH. 3rd. December 1938. M.Olley Esq., Vauxhall Motors Ltd., Luton, BEDS. Dear Oy., We are toying with the idea of using 4-ply tyres because they save a lot of weight. We notice that most… | ||
| img174 | Letter from Vauxhall Motors discussing discrepancies between Tyre & Rim Association and S.M.M.T. tyre loading charts. | ||
| View original record | Vauxhall Motors Ltd CONTRACTORS TO THE ADMIRALTY, WAR OFFICE & AIR MINISTRY. LUTON. BEDS. TELEPHONE NUMBER 3100 LUTON TELEGRAMS CARVAUX. TELEX. LUTON WHEN REPLYING PLEASE QUOTE OUR REF. 289/MO/RMD.… | ||
| img175 | Tyre performance, including rim widths, ply limits, inflation standards, and the introduction of Rayon fabric. | ||
| View original record | -2- Mr. S.W. Grylls. 7th December 1938. It is also based on the normal rim widths specified in the table on page 10 of the Tyre & Rim Year Book. (Increase in rim width increases tyre section about… | ||
| img176 | Drawbacks of Rayon manufacturing tax in England compared to the U.S. | ||
| View original record | -3- Mr. S.W. Grylls. 7th December 1938. as against something like 50% on cotton. Drawback in England is the Celanese racket which demands paying 6d. a pound manufacturing tax on all Rayon. In the U.S.… | ||
| img177 | Graph from the Tyre & Rim Association, USA, showing load and inflation data for 16 inch rims. | ||
| View original record | TYRE & RIM ASSN. U.S.A. LOAD & INFLATION 16" RIMS 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 9.00 8.25 7.50 7.00 6.50 6.25 6 PLY 4 PLY 1275# 1200# 1165# 1090# | ||
| img178 | Graph of tyre load in pounds versus inflation pressure in pounds per square inch for various tyre sizes. | ||
| View original record | LOAD - LBS. 1000 800 600 400 200 0 INF. #/IN² 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 4 PLY 4 PL 4.75 5.00 5.25 5.50 5.75 6.00 4.5-17 860# 955# | ||
| img179 | Graph showing SMMT load and inflation data for various tyre sizes on 16-inch rims. | ||
| View original record | SMMT LOAD & INFLATION FOR 16" RIMS 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 BS 9.00 8.25 7.50 7.00 6.50 6.25 6 PLY 6 PLY 6 PLY 4 PLY 4 PLY 4 PLY 1275 # 1200 # 1165 # 1090 # | ||
| img180 | Graph plotting tire load against inflation pressure for various 4-ply tire sizes. | ||
| View original record | LOAD 1000 800 600 400 200 0 INF #/IN² 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 4 PLY 6.00 5.75 5.50 5.25 5.00 4.75 955# 860# | ||
| img181 | Typed letter to M. Olley of Vauxhall Motors Ltd. acknowledging a letter to Grylls. | ||
| View original record | 08; Rm7/R. 9th December, 1938. M. Olley, Esq., Vauxhall Motors Ltd., LUTON, Beds. Dear Oy., Many tnanks for your letter of the 7th December to Grylls. He is on the Continent at the moment, but will… | ||
| img182 | Letter to Vauxhall Motors regarding tyre specifications, comparing 4-ply and 6-ply tyres for comfort and steering. | ||
| View original record | Rm/Gry.10/MH. 22nd. December 1938 M. Olley, Esq., Vauxhall Motors Ltd., Luton, BEDS. Dear Oy., Many thanks for your letter about 4-ply tyres. There are still one or two points we do not understand;… | ||
| img183 | Letter from Vauxhall Motors discussing tyre pressure limits and typical tyre sizes for American passenger cars. | ||
| View original record | oy. Vauxhall Motors Ltd CONTRACTORS TO THE ADMIRALTY, WAR OFFICE & AIR MINISTRY. TELEPHONE NUMBER 2600 LUTON LUTON. BEDS. TELEGRAMS CARVAUX, TELEX, LUTON WHEN REPLYING PLEASE QUOTE → OUR REF… | ||
| img184 | Letter from Maurice Olley to Mr. S.W. Grylls discussing the supply and safety benefits of Goodyear Lifeguard tubes. | ||
| View original record | -2- Mr. S.W.Grylls. 3rd January 1939. Lifeguard tubes (Goodyear) are so far fitted as standard equipment on the large Chryslers only. But the service demand is so phenomenal that the Goodyear… | ||
| img185 | Notes on future car design discussing the rationalization of R.R. and Bentley models, dimensions and styling. | ||
| View original record | By Em. Claren (crossed out) Oy's file 1260 Here are some notes by By on future car design 6.6.39 Rm R.R. Cars & Bentley. Rationalization of R.R. and Bentley production is sensible step. The line 8… | ||
| img186 | Design notes on vehicle dimensions, layout, and styling, with comparisons to American models. | ||
| View original record | -2- r Width. 3 piece front seat requires 60" cushion and 65" - 66" for outside width at widest part. With 60" track overall width should not exceed 72". This is too much for English roads. A 53" track… | ||
| img187 | Performance evaluation and test notes for an experimental car. | ||
| View original record | F Rachel SIVDL C1S A II Oyp = file Exptl. Car. Licence RC 7211. Engine is very good. Exhaust tuning could probably be improved. The intake "loaded" on a hill, a thing I scarcely remember since Silver… | ||
| img188 | Letter from Vauxhall Motors Ltd regarding details of a Vauxhall Synchro Cone and arranging a visit. | ||
| View original record | VAUXHALL MOTORS LTD CONTRACTORS TO THE ADMIRALTY, WAR OFFICE & AIR MINISTRY. LUTON. BEDS. TELEPHONE NUMBER 2600 LUTON TELEGRAMS CARVAUX, TELEX, LUTON WHEN REPLYING PLEASE QUOTE OUR REF 289/MO/EMD.… | ||
| img189 | Letter to M. Olley of Vauxhall Motors regarding a cancelled visit and a report on general car development. | ||
| View original record | O-y Rm5/R. 15th June, 1939. M. Olley, Esq., Vauxhall Motors Ltd., L U T O N, Beds: Dear Oy., I was informed to my consternation that the Directors were going to be at the Works to-morrow and that I… | ||
| img190 | Inquiry to Vauxhall Motors regarding a recommendation for an Olsen Spring test machine. | ||
| View original record | RmS/R. 14th July, 1939. Maurice Olley, Esq., Vauxhall Motors Ltd., L U T O N, Beds. Dear Oy, When you were over here you said you used an Olsen Spring test machine. I shall be glad to know which of… | ||
| img191 | Letter to M. Olley of Vauxhall Motors Ltd. expressing condolences and arranging a visit to Luton. | ||
| View original record | Rm5/R. 21st July, 1939. M. Olley, Esq., Vauxhall Motors Ltd., LUTON, Beds. Dear Oy, Thank you very much for your letter. I was very sorry to hear about your younger brother. Would it be possible to… | ||
| img192 | Letter to Vauxhall Motors arranging a meeting and requesting information on various automotive components and test rigs. | ||
| View original record | Oy's file Rm2/R. 25th July, 1939. M. Olley, Esq., Messrs. Vauxhall Motors Ltd., L U T O N, Beds: Dear Oy., I received your telephone message and hope to arrive at Vauxhalls at 1.0'clock tomorrow,… | ||
| img193 | Motor car development, highlighting advancements in American cars. | ||
| View original record | Motor Car Development. In particular relation to RR. 1) The most startling motorcar development of the past ten years has been the metamorphosis of the American cars from rather cumbersome tin… | ||
| img194 | Critique of the American 'styling' trend, its influence on product design, and the push for yearly motorcar model changes. | ||
| View original record | ② Styling It is customary in England to use the very strongest terms in referring to the American boom in styling. Agreed that the fad has infected railway trains, architecture, furniture, vacuum… | ||
| img195 | The evolution of car body design, aesthetics, and space efficiency. | ||
| View original record | 3 Somewhere and not as though it were falling over backwards. By lowering both floor and roof equally, the front view of the car has settled down into place, in such a way as to avoid unnecessary… | ||
| img196 | Critique of 1939 American car design, specifically the Lincoln Zephyr and Oldsmobile 8, focusing on undesirable features. | ||
| View original record | Lincoln Zephyr and Olds. 8. (1939) The total body shell, including radiator shell and bonnet, is all usefully employed in containing either mechanism, passengers or baggage. Very little tinware… | ||
| img197 | Critique of American automotive styling trends, arguing that engineering progress is being sacrificed for aesthetics. | ||
| View original record | ⑤ the long 'sweeping' fenders, which have no sweep at all and actually look like split kidneys. The facts are that the American public has no choice in the matter (since all makers have followed the… | ||
| img198 | Commentary on the automotive industry, comparing American and British designs and discussing market trends. | ||
| View original record | 6 blight, spread by the "Stylists" who demand such terrific sums for their unnecessary trimware changes that many of the working parts of the car are almost stagnant, except for the continual… | ||
| img199 | Comparison of British and American automotive design, critiquing engineering, materials, and manufacturing. | ||
| View original record | economical to run and yet of good performance, has now forced the British industry to make real progress in design and construction. In several matters of car structure the British industry is… | ||
| img200 | Analysis of the weaknesses in English manufacturing and parts supply compared to the American motor industry. | ||
| View original record | 8 English manufacturers generally have not fully realised that the first requisite for economical manufacture is extreme accuracy, and the second is a full knowledge of the facts. There is also a… | ||
| img201 | Memorandum on the future of the car business, brand positioning, and the feasibility of a smaller car model. | ||
| View original record | ⑨ ④ Rolls Royce Since the R.R. car business is the most outstanding motorcar "goodwill" in the world, I assume that R.R. will continue to make motorcars. And that sooner or later they will build the… | ||
| img202 | Small car design, focusing on weight control, stability, and the advantages of steel body construction. | ||
| View original record | 10 to avoid "brake-dive", and "rearing" in acceleration. And a severe control of weight is necessary, to keep the kerb weight (full tanks) within 2400 lbs. Such small cars have to be built low, for… | ||
| img203 | The feasibility and methods for producing sheet-steel car bodies in moderate quantities, referencing developments in the aircraft industry. | ||
| View original record | ⑤ Steel construction R.R. could never afford the huge cost of body dies borne by the production models of American cars. The cost would be out of all proportion to the output. But I am sure that the… | ||
| img204 | The acoustic challenges of steel car body construction and the future need for a specialized underbody. | ||
| View original record | (12) The bugbear of steel construction has always been resonant noise in the body. But intensive acoustic studies are beginning to reveal the sources of this and the day is close when all steel cars… | ||
| img205 | The design philosophy of 'style' over 'styling' in car appearance. | ||
| View original record | ⑥ Appearance. R.R. have avoided "styling" and in the main kept strictly to "style". All R.R. cars are recognizable, and though they advance steadily from year to year they do not shame the owner of a… | ||
| img206 | Analysis of American car design regarding wheelbase, radiator placement, and suspension systems. | ||
| View original record | 14 much better use of wheelbase for passenger accommodation to be obtained by "moving forward" so that the radiator front overhangs the front wheels by 10-15 inches, and the dimensions from front… | ||
| img207 | The use of Panhard rods on axles for side control and handling. | ||
| View original record | 15 axles, coupled with a fairly high plane of control at front and rear. "Panhard" rods are necessary, on the Lincoln, to give adequate side control for handling, but even on the smaller models… | ||