From the Rolls-Royce experimental archive: a quarter of a million communications from Rolls-Royce, 1906 to 1960's. Documents from the Sir Henry Royce Memorial Foundation (SHRMF).
Complete specification for improvements in and relating to induction systems of internal combustion engines.
| Identifier | ExFiles\Box 148\1\ scan0135 | |
| Date | 26th July 1935 | |
| 2 460,377 ticular requirements, so as to ensure that they are arranged to operate in a desired out-of-step relation. This relation may be fixed in assem- 5 bling the device or it may be arranged to be readily adjusted either during running or otherwise as occasion may require. In all cases the relation of the throttle associated with the outer passage will be 10 such that the inner passage may be slightly open when the outer passage is substantially or completely closed. The inner surface of the outer passage may immediately in the vicinity of the 15 throttle be spherical in shape or it may be of any other form adapted to secure a desired variation in area of the passage permitting the flow of gas in accordance with the variation of the position of the 20 throttle, for example it may comprise an internal spherical portion and further on one or both sides of the throttle there may be located portions having converging walls so as to form a converging, diverg- 25 ing passage generally of the character of a Venturi passage. The throttle for the inner passage may be of the disc or butterfly type, or it may be of barrel formation. 30 For instance, it may be an externally spherically surfaced member or a cylin- drical member through which a passage extends adapted to be brought into or out of register with the adjacent portions of 35 the inner passage and thus resembling in effect a stop-cock, the portion of the pas- sage within which it is located being of a corresponding form. While the constructions above described 40 are preferred constructions, the invention extends also to constructions or arrange- ments in which the valve elements are of a form other than the valves or throttles described above. 45 Thus a device or arrangement in accordance with the invention may com- prise a generally cylindrical element arranged with its axis at right angles with the common axis of the inner and 50 outer passages and at convenient points furnished with apertures registering with the passages and containing a rotatable valve body similarly furnished with aper- tures adapted to be brought into the first- 55 mentioned apertures at appropriate times in order to secure a regulation of the flow of air or air and fuel through the outer and the inner passages. Normally, in accordance with the in- 60 vention, the inner passage will be pro- vided with extensions opening into or ad- jacent to the cylinder head, and conven- iently into auxiliary valve chambers or in the vicinity of valves whereby the mix- 65 ture flowing therethrough may be admitted to the engine cylinders while the outer passage is similarly arranged to extend to the cylinder heads, the admission of air therefrom to the cylinders being controlled by additional valves. In 70 this way a degree of what is known as stratification of the mixture delivered to the engine cylinders may be secured. Where, as is usual, the device or arrangement in accordance with the in- 75 vention comprises inner and outer pass- ages within the space between the walls of such passages there may be provided webs adapted to sub-divide the flow of liquid through the outer passage and 80 these webs may be arranged to extend throughout the length of the passage or may be located merely at certain portions thereof and, optionally, they may be of a form to permit turbulent flow. Thus, for 85 instance, they may be of spiral or helical formation. The invention extends to means which may be interposed between the carburettor and the engine in the induction system 90 thereof and to a carburettor comprising means of the character defined as an in- tegral part thereof or as an attachment or supplement. Numerous advantages may be secured 95 by the invention in addition to those generally above indicated. For instance, in accordance with the invention, at varying speeds of operation of the engine, or under varying load con- 100 ditions, a speed of travel of air adapted to secure the supply of fuel at the desired rate, will be obtained through one pas- sage which will normally be the smaller of the passages and be located within an 105 outer passage while the necessary quan- tity of additional air is supplied by way of the other passage. The arrangement of the two passages, one within the other, the inner of these 110 passage which primarily is effective in loading fuel to the engine cylinder, will be of advantage also in many cases in that the heat taken up by the vaporisation of the fuel will be abstracted from the air 115 passing through the outer passage and not from the external air, and this will operate in the direction of securing an adequate supply of air to the engine cylin- ders under widely varying conditions of 120 operation, and particularly under condi- tions which are unfavourable, as for in- stance in the case of aeroplane engines operating at considerable elevations; for the cooling effect obtained will in such 125 case act in the direction of overcoming the inconveniences arising from the atten- uation of the air. Where the invention is applied in con- nection with Diesel engines one of the 130 passages may supply hot air and the other cold air to the engine and the throttles associated with the passages will be arranged to vary the proportions of cold 5 and hot air supplied. Thus, for example, the throttles may be arranged so that when that functioning to control the supply of hot air is completely closed, the area of the passage for the flow of cold 10 air will be sufficient to supply the quan- tity needed at full load. 460,377 3 In conclusion it is to be pointed out that the above particulars are furnished for the purpose of assisting in the under- standing of the nature of the invention 15 and that various changes may be made in the details of arrangement and con- struction without exceeding the scope of the application. Dated this 26th day of July, 1935. MARKS & CLERK. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in and relating to Induction Systems of Internal Combustion Engines I, THOMAS JAMES SWINNEY, a British subject, of St.{Capt. P. R. Strong} Leonard's House, Sheen Lane, London, S.W.14, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what 25 manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:— This invention relates to induction sys- tems of internal combustion engines. 30 The expression ``induction system'' as used herein includes, broadly, that por- tion of an internal combustion engine installation by which air or a mixture of air and fuel is supplied to the cylinders of the engine and thus includes what are 35 known as carburettors. The object of the invention generally stated is to provide improvements in induction system of internal combustion engines, as above defined, and in par- 40 ticular in the direction of securing that, at varying speeds of running or in the operating conditions of the engine, fuel is delivered to the engine cylinders in appropriate relative proportions. 45 Above, reference has been made to car- burettors which may be regarded as devices for securing the vaporisation, sub- division or dispersion in air of a stream of relatively volatile fuel. 50 The invention is, however, not restricted to arrangements designed to be employed with relatively volatile fuel and it ex- tends to arrangements primarily for use with fuels of lower volatility than what 55 is known as petrol, and includes arrange- ments for the supply of air to Diesel or other heavy oil engines. Valves or cocks for regulating the mix- ture of air and combustible material for 60 internal combustion engines are known in which an air inlet port and an inlet port for combustible material are arranged side by side and in which a valve for con- trolling the flow of air in the first men- 65 tioned port and a valve for controlling the flow of combustible material in the second mentioned port are arranged to be rotated about a common axis. The invention consists in an induction system for internal combustion engines in 70 which there are provided two concentric- ally arranged tubes providing passages for the supply of working fluid to the engine and in which movable valve elements controlling the flow of fluid in 75 such passages are arranged to be rotated about the same or a common axis. At this point it may be mentioned that where the invention is applied in con- nection with Diesel engines one of the 80 passages may supply hot air and the other cold air to the engine and the throttles associated with the passages will be arranged to vary the proportions of cold and hot air supplied. Thus, for example, 85 the throttles may be arranged so that when that functioning to control the supply of hot air is completely closed, the area of the passage for the flow of cold air will be sufficient to supply the 90 quantity needed at full load. Conveniently, adjacent to the position where the movable valve elements control the flow of working fluid through the outer passage, the form thereof is such 95 that when the valves associated with the passages are in the open position, flow throughout substantially the whole of the space between the inner and the outer passage is secured. 100 Thus, in accordance with the invention, the inner of the tubes may be furnished externally with a spherical enlargement and on the diameter of the enlargement at right angles to the common axis of the 105 two passages there may be rotatably arranged an annulus constituting the movable valve element for regulating the flow of fluid through the outer passage while, on the same diameter, the movable 110 valve element for regulating the flow of fluid through the inner passage is arranged. | ||